William A. Smith headshot
  • Chief Executive Administrator , Huntsman Mental Health Institute
  • Professor, Ethnic Studies
  • Professor, Education, Culture & Society
  • Adjunct Professor, Psychiatry

Publications

  • King, Brendalisse, Imel, Zac E., Kuo, Patty B. & Smith, William A. (2024). Impact of racial microaggressions in psychotherapy vignettes with African American clients: An experimental analogue design. Journal of Counseling Psychology. Accepted, 02/07/2024.
  • William A. Smith, Melissa Krull & Man Hung (2024). Dissecting the role of racial battle fatigue in stress disparities among White and Black school principals. Research on Stress and Coping in Education Series. Accepted, 02/01/2024.
  • Krull, Melissa, Smith, William A., Hung, Man , Leer, Joel P & Smith, Paula (2024). The impact of racial battle fatigue on school principals: Examining the stress-related disparities between White and Black leaders. Journal for Minority Achievement, Creativity, and Leadership. Accepted, 02/01/2024.
  • William A. Smith & Laurence J. Parker (2024). You can't racelight CRT!. Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion: An International Journal. Accepted, 02/01/2024.
  • Laurence J. Parker & William A. Smith (2024). Special Issue: You Can’t Racelight CRT. Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion: An International Journal. Published, 02/01/2024.
  • William A. Smith & Kofi Lomotey (2023). Introduction: The Racial Crisis in American Higher Education. Vol. 3, SUNY Press. Published, 07/01/2023.
  • William A. Smith (2023). The psychosocial antecedents of racial battle fatigue. (pp. 125-166). Vol. 3, SUNY Press. Published, 07/01/2023.
  • Kofi Lomotey & William A. Smith (2023). The Racial Crisis in American Higher Education: Continuing Dilemmas, Ongoing Setbacks & New Challenges. Vol. 3. SUNY Press. Published, 07/01/2023.
  • Rodríguez, José E., Figueroa, Edgar, Campbell, Kendall M., Washington, Judy C., Amaechi, Octavia, Anim, Tanya, Allen, Kari-Claudia, Foster, Krys E., Hightower, Maia, Parra,Yury, Wusu, Maria Harsha, Smith, William A., Villarreal, Mary Ann & Pololi, Linda (2021). Towards a common lexicon for equity, diversity, and inclusion work in higher education. Ethnic and Racial Studies. Accepted, 11/02/2021.
  • Yosso, Tara J., Smith, William A., Solórzano, Daniel G. & Hung, Man (2021). A critical race theory test of WEB DuBois’ hypothesis: Do Black students need separate schools?. , 1-19. Race Ethnicity and Education. 1-9. Published, 10/01/2021.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2021.1984099
  • Amoakoh, Josephine & William A. Smith (2020). “‘Diamonds on the Sole of Their Boots’: The Experiences of African Immigrant Men in STEM Careers in the USA.”. Spectrum: A Journal on Black Men. Vol. 8, 29–53. Published, 08/26/2020.
  • William A. Smith, Jeremy D Franklin & Man Hung (2020). The Impact of Racial Microaggressions Across Educational Attainment for African Americans. Journal of Minority Achievement, Creativity, and Leadership. Vol. 1, 70-93. Published, 08/25/2020.
    https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/minoachicreal...
  • William A. Smith, Rodalyn David & Glory S. Stanton (2020). Racial battle fatigue: The long-term effects of racial microaggressions on African American boys and men. (pp. 83-92). Michigan State University Press. Published, 06/08/2020.
    https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83909-964-920201006
  • William A. Smith, Rodalyn David & Glory S. Stanton (2020). Racial battle fatigue: The long-term effects of racial microaggressions on African American boys and men.. Michigan State University Press. Published, 06/08/2020.
  • William A. Smith, Rodalyn David & Glory Stanton (2020). Racial violence and stress in postsecondary institutions of higher education. Vol. 5, Sage Publications. Published, 03/2020.
  • Hung, M., Smith, W. A. , Voss, M. W., Franklin, J. D., Gu, Y. & Bounsanga, J. (2020). Exploring Student Achievement Gaps in School Districts across America: The Case for Investigating Opportunity Gaps. Education and Urban Society. Published, 02/2020.
  • William A. Smith (2019). Foreword. (pp. xix-xvii). Routledge. Published, 12/06/2019.
  • Nicole A. Corbin, William A. Smith & J. Roberto Garcia (2018). Trapped between justified anger and being the strong Black woman: Black college women coping with racial battle fatigue at historically and predominantly White institutions. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education. Vol. 31(7), 626-643. Published, 05/14/2018.
    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/095183...
  • Brian A. Burt, Krystal L. Williams & William A. Smith (2018). Into the storm: Ecological and sociological impediments to Black males’ persistence in engineering graduate programs. American Educational Research Journal. Published, 04/03/2018.
    https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831218763587
  • William A. Smith, Jamal M. Bishop, Chantal M. Jones, Tommy J. Curry & Walter R. Allen (2016). "You Make Me Wanna Holler and Throw Up Both My Hands!": Campus Culture, Black Misandric Microaggressions, and Racial Battle Fatigue. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education. Vol. 29, 1189-1209. Published, 09/14/2016.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2016.1214296
  • Smith, W.A., (June 2016). Understanding the corollaries of offensive racial mechanisms, gendered racism, and racial battle fatigue. Center for Critical Race Studies at UCLA Research Brief, 1-4. Published, 06/01/2016.
    https://issuu.com/almaiflores/docs/was_research_br...
  • Smith, W. A. (2015). Foreword. In R. Mitchell, K.J. Fasching-Varner, K. Albert & C. Allen (Eds.), Racial battle fatigue in higher education: Exposing the myth of post-racial America. Lanham, Maryland: Rowan & Littlefield Publishers. Published, 01/15/2015.
  • Smith, W. A. (2014). Obstacles to Change: Race, Racism, and Reform. In E. M. Zamani-Gallaher (Ed.), The Obama administration and educational reform: Toward new 21st Century school for the global knowledge economy. United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Published, 11/14/2014.
  • Franklin, J. D., Hung, M. & Smith, W. A. (2014). Racial Battle Fatigue for Latina/o Students: A Quantitative Perspective. SAGE Publications. Vol. 13(4), 303-322. Published, 07/03/2014.
  • Franklin, Jeremy, D., Smith, W. A., Hung, M. (2014). Racial Battle Fatigue for Latina/o Students: A Quantitative Perspective. Journal of Hispanics in Higher Education, 13(4) 303–322. Published, 07/03/2014.
  • Smith, W. A., Hung, M., & Franklin, J.D. (2012). Between hope and racial battle fatigue: African American men and race-related stress. The Journal of Black Masculinity, 2(1), 35-58. Published, 03/01/2012.
  • Smith, W. A., Hung, M., Franklin, J. D. (2011). Racial Battle Fatigue and the Miseducation of Black Men: Microaggressions, Societal Problems, & Environmental Stress. Journal of Negro Education. Published, 01/01/2011.
  • Smith, W. A. (2010). Toward an understanding of misandric microaggressions and racial battle fatigue among African Americans in historically White institutions. In E. M. Zamani-Gallaher & V. C. Polite (Eds.), The state of the African American male (pp. 265-277). East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press. Published, 03/14/2010.
  • Yosso, T. J., Smith, W. A., Ceja, M., & Solórzano, D. G. (2009). Critical Race Theory, Racial Microaggressions, and Campus Racial Climate for Latina/o Undergraduates. Harvard Educational Review, 79(4), 659-690. Published, 2009.
  • Smith, W. A. (2008-a). Higher Education: Racial Battle Fatigue. In R. T. Schaefer (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society (pp. 615-618). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Published, 2008.
  • Smith, W. A. (2008-b). Campus Wide Climate: Implications for African American Students. In L. Tillman (Ed.), A Handbook of African American Education. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Published, 2008.
  • Smith, William A., Allen, W. R. & Smith, W. A. (2007). "Assume the Position . . . You Fit the Description": Psychosocial Experiences and Racial Battle Fatigue Among African American Male College Students. SAGE Publications. Vol. 51(4), 551-578. Published, 12/01/2007.
  • Smith, W. A., Yosso, T. J. & Solorzano, D. G. (2007). Racial Primes and Black Misandry on Historically White Campuses: Toward Critical Race Accountability in Educational Administration. SAGE Publications. Vol. 43(5), 559-585. Published, 12/01/2007.
  • Smith, W. A., Allen, W. R., & Danley, L. L. (December 2007). "Assume the Position . . . You Fit the Description": Campus Racial Climate and the Psychoeducational Experiences and Racial Battle fatigue among African American Male College Students. American Behavioral Scientist, 51(4), 551-578. Published, 12/2007.
  • Smith, W. A., Yosso, T. J., & Solórzano, D. G. (2007). Racial Primes and Black Misandry on Historically White Campuses: Toward Critical Race Accountability in Educational Administration. Educational Administration Quarterly, 43(5), 559-585. Published, 12/2007.
  • Smith, W. A. (2006). Racial Ideology and Affirmative Action Support in a Diverse College Student Population. Journal of Negro Education, 75(4), 589-605. Published, 12/2006.
  • Smith, P. (2005). Experiencing Community Through the Eyes of Young Female Offenders. SAGE Publications. Vol. 21(4), 364-385. Published, 11/01/2005.
  • Smith, P. & Smith, W. A. (2005). Experiencing Community Through the Eyes of Young Female Offenders. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 21(4), 314-335. Published, 11/2005.
  • Phillip J. Bowman & William A. Smith (2002). Racial ideology in the campus community: Emerging cross-ethnic differences and challenges. (pp. 103-120). SUNY Press. Published, 03/14/2002.
  • Smith, W. A. (1998). Gender and Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Affirmative Action Attitudes of U.S. College Students. Journal of Negro Education, 67(1), 1-22. Published, 01/1998.

Research Statement

In 2003, Dr. Smith was awarded the Ford Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowship to further develop his theoretical concept of Racial Battle Fatigue. Racial Battle Fatigue is an interdisciplinary theoretical framework that provides a clearer method for understanding the race-related experiences of People of Color. In general, Racial Battle Fatigue explains how the social environment (e.g., institutions, policies, practices, traditions, groups and individuals) perpetuates race-related stressors that adversely affect the health and academic achievement of Students of Color and the health, professional productivity, and retention among Faculty of Color. Whether it is from the constant stereotyping that Students of Color face on campus or the epistemological racism that Faculty of Color endure as they seek tenure and promotion, People of Color are chronically having race-related stress-responses in historically white institutions and environments that consumes valuable time and energy. Dr. Smith's fellowship year (2003-2004) was also spent working on collaborative projects at the UCLA with Dr. Walter R. Allen and Dr. Daniel Solórzano. Professor Smith's additional research interests are inter-ethnic relations, racial attitudes, racial identity & socialization, academic colonialism, affirmative action attitudes, and the impact of student diversity on university and college campuses.

Research Keywords

  • Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities
  • Racial identity & socialization
  • Racial Issues
  • Racial Battle Fatigue
  • Racial Attitudes & Stereotypes
  • Inter-ethnic relations
  • Impact of student diversity on university and college campuses
  • Academic colonialism

Presentations

  • Smith, W. (2023, November 16). Racial battle fatigue and the legacy of Dr. Chester M. Pierce: Reclaiming CRT origin stories in higher education research. Association for the Study of Higher Education. Minneapolis, MN. (pg. 49 of program). Panel, Presented, 11/16/2023.
    https://www.ashe.ws//Files/2023/ProgramBook-Online...
  • Smith, William A. (2023, October 18). Understanding racial battle fatigue in higher education. California State University, Northridge. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 10/18/2023.
  • Smith, William A. (2023, June 7). From Awareness to Understanding Racial Battle Fatigue: A Behavioral Healthcare Provider's Guide to Supporting Racially Minoritized Communities. Missouri Behavioral Health Council's CEDI Symposium, Columbus, Missouri. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 06/07/2023.
  • Smith, William A. (2023, February, 23). The Impact of Racial Battle Fatigue Among Advocates and Policy Makers. the Kirwan Institute, The Ohio State University. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 02/23/2023.
  • Smith, William A. (2023, February 17). Understanding Racial Battle Fatigue in Family Practice. U-HELM, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 02/17/2023.
  • Smith, William A. (2023, February 15). Racial Battle Fatigue and its Impacts on the Workplace. WTIA Diversity Equity and Inclusion Center of Excellence. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 02/15/2023.
    https://www.washingtontechnology.org/dei/
  • Smith, William A. (2023, January 17). Healing from Racial Battle Fatigue. National Day of Racial Healing, Office of Diversity and Inclusion, The Ohio State University. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 01/17/2023.
  • Smith, W. (2022, December 6). Eliminating mental health and substance use stigma: The time is now. American College of Neuropsychopharmacology National Meeting. Phoenix, AZ. Panel, Presented, 12/06/2022.
  • Smith, W. (2022, November). Black higher education scholars and transition to academic administration. Association for the Study of Higher Education. Las Vegas, NV. Panel, Presented, 11/17/2022.
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, December 9). Racial Battle Fatigue: How to Support the Health and Wellness of Black and Brown Educators. [Virtual] Invited Keynote Presentation to the Lyons Township High School District #204, LaGrange & Western Springs, Illinois. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 12/09/2021.
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, December 6). Three Lefts to Make a Right: Strengths and Limitations to the Corporate Social Responsibility Model through a Racial Battle Fatigue Lens. Virtual Presentation to the Executive Board of ProMedica. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 12/06/2021.
  • Smith, William A. (2021, December 3). [Virtual] Invited Keynote presentation at the 2021 Learning and Justice for ALL Conference, National Association of School Administrators, Las Vegas, Nevada. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 12/03/2021.
  • Smith, W.A. (2021, November 8). “What is Racial Battle Fatigue.” WCCO Radio, The Sheletta (Brundidge) Show, https://www.audacy.com/wccoradio. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 11/08/2021.
    https://www.audacy.com/wccoradio
  • Smith, William A. (2021, November 6). “We Charge Genocide!: 70th year Anniversary of the Report to the UN, but what has changed—Racial Battle Fatigue among Black People. Keynote Presentation at the University of Utah’s State-wide Writing and Rhetoric Symposium, Department of Writing and Rhetoric Studies, Salt Lake City, UT. Presentation, Presented, 11/06/2021.
  • Smith, William A. (2021, October 23). Driving equity in education diversity. [Virtual] Invited panelist to the 34th Annual CA/HI NAACP Convention. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 10/23/2021.
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, October 8). “The Biopsychosocial Significance for Understanding Racial Battle Fatigue.” [Virtual] Invited Keynote Presentation to the Annual Hedda Bolgar Lecture Series, Chicago Center for Psychoanalysis & Psychotherapy. https://www.ccpsa.org. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 10/08/2021.
    https://www.ccpsa.org
  • Smith, William A. (2021, September 28). The Medical Significance for Understanding Racial Battle Fatigue. [Virtual] Grand Rounds Presentation to the University of Utah School’s Departments of Surgery, Neurosurgery, Orthopaedic Surgery, & Anesthesiology, Salt Lake City, UT. Presentation, Presented, 09/28/2021.
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, September 9). “Race and Policing.” [Virtual] Invited Presentation to the Utah Supreme Court Justices and the Appellate Court Judges. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 09/09/2021.
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, September 7). “Mental Health Professional: Understanding the Needs of Students of Color and the Trauma they Experience.” [Virtual] Invited Keynote Presentation to Indian Prairie School District #204, Aurora, Illinois. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 09/07/2021.
  • Smith, W. A., Lee, C. C., Butler, S. K., & Smith, S. D. (2021, August 26). “Racial Battle Fatigue and Black Men’s Mental Health. [Virtual] Invited Keynote Presentation and Panel Discussion for the Professional Development Committee of Counselors for Social Justice (a division of the American Counseling Association). Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 08/26/2021.
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, July 30). “Police use of Lawful and Unlawful Force.” [Virtual] Invited Keynote to the Utah State Bar Association’s Summer Convention. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 07/30/2021.
    http://www.utahbar.org/summerconvention
  • Smith, W. A. & Ferguson, E. (2021, July 22). “Psychological & Physiological Aspects of Racial Battle Fatigue. The Philippe Matthews Show, Podcast Available at: https://youtu.be/AztE-Ha1tvQ. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 07/22/2021.
    https://youtu.be/AztE-Ha1tvQ
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, July 14). “Racial Battle Fatigue: What you Need to Know.” [Virtual] Invited Company Keynote Presentation to CISCO-AppDynamics. Invited Talk/Keynote, Submitted, 07/14/2021.
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, July 13). “Racial Battle Fatigue and Law Enforcement: Racial Microaggressions and Anti-Black Misandry.” [Virtual] Invited Keynote presentation to the American Association for Justice Annual Convention Speaker. Las Vegas, NV. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 07/13/2021.
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, July 7). Exit Interview 07: Racial Battle Fatigue part II with Dr. William Smith (Interview 07). https://toodopeteachers.com/exit-interview-07-racial-battle-fatigue-part-ii-with-dr-william-smith/. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 07/07/2021.
    https://toodopeteachers.com/exit-interview-07-raci...
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, June 18). “Racial Battle Fatigue.” [Virtual] Invited Keynote Presentation to Harford Community College. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 06/18/2021.
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, June 10). “Developing a Community of Caring in Education: Part 2.” [Virtual] Invited Keynote Presentation to the #U46EquityMatters Symposium for School District U-46, Elgin, Illinois. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 06/10/2021.
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, June 8). “Developing a Community of Caring in Education: Part 1.” [Virtual] Invited Keynote Presentation to the #U46EquityMatters Symposium for School District U-46, Elgin, Illinois. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 06/08/2021.
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, June 2). “Racial Battle Fatigue.” Real-Talk Dialogue Podcast: Racial Battle Fatigue for CEO Action for Diversity & Inclusion. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 06/02/2021.
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, May 5). Exit Interview 05: The Origins of Racial battle Fatigue with Dr. William Smith, part 1. Too Dope Teachers and a Mic Broadcast (Interview 05). https://toodopeteachers.com/exit-interview-05-the-origins-of-racial-battle-fatigue-with-dr-william-smith-part-i/. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 05/05/2021.
    https://toodopeteachers.com/exit-interview-05-the-...
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, April 26). “The Medical Significance for Understanding Racial Battle Fatigue.” [Virtual] Grand Rounds Presentation to Cornell Medical, New York City, New York. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 04/26/2021.
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, April 15). “Racial Battle Fatigue and Law Enforcement: Racial Microaggressions and Anti-Black Misandry.” [Virtual] Keynote Presentation to American Association for Justice Annual Convention (Civil Rights Section/Minority Caucus/Police Misconduct Litigation Group/Criminal Law Section), CLE Program. Las Vegas, Nevada. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 04/15/2021.
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, April 12). “Being Black in the Academy.” IG Live Interview on the Counterstory program with Dr. Angel Jones. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 04/12/2021.
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, April 8). “Racial Battle Fatigue and Law Enforcement.” [Virtual] Invited Keynote Presentation and Panel Discussion to the Utah Bar Association’s Summit. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 04/08/2021.
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, April 1). “We Charge Genocide!: The Mental and Physical Tolls of Racial Battle Fatigue among Black People. [Virtual] Class presentation to Dr. James Tabery’s class, “Science of Race and Racism.”. Presentation, Presented, 04/01/2021.
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, March 31). “Anti-Blackness: Difficult Dialogues: “We Charge Genocide!”: The Mental and Physical Tolls of Racial Battle Fatigue among Black People.” [Virtual] Invited Keynote to University of California at Irvine and University of California at Santa Barbara. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 03/31/2021.
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, March 26). “Effective Leadership Strategies for Senior Administrators.” Invited Presentation to the Deans at Salt Lake Community College. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 03/26/2021.
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, February 23). “The History of Racial Justice and Racial Battle Fatigue.” [Virtual] Invited Keynote for “Black History Month: An ‘Evening’ with Professor William Smith of the Salt Lake Chamber’s Diversity Council. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 02/23/2021.
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, February 22). “The Medical Significance for Understanding Racial Battle Fatigue.” [Virtual] Grand Rounds Presentation to the University of California, Riverside, KPAAPA Riverside, and the EID Committee. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 02/22/2021.
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, February 22). “The First Steps to Effective Allyship: Understanding Racial Battle Fatigue.” [Virtual] Invited Keynote Presentation. Waterfordschool.org. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 02/22/2021.
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, February 3). “Black History is American History.” [Virtual] Invited Black History Keynote Speaker to Walker Edison. https://walkeredison.com/blogs/corporate-news/diversity-equity-inclusion. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 02/03/2021.
    https://walkeredison.com/blogs/corporate-news/dive...
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, January 23). “Racial Battle Fatigue, Micro-Aggressions, and Black Male Athleticism with Dr. William Smith.” Interview with Dr. T. Hasan Johnson of the Institute of Black Male Studies. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 01/23/2021.
    https://www.instituteforblackmalestudies.com/offer...
  • Smith, W. A. (2021, January 7). “Racial Battle Fatigue and other Effects of Systemic Racism.” https://espressotalktoday.libsyn.com/racial-battle-fatigue-and-other-effects-of-systemic-racism. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 01/07/2021.
    https://espressotalktoday.libsyn.com/racial-battle...
  • Smith, William A. (2020, November 19). The Medical Significance for Understanding Racial Battle Fatigue. [Virtual] Grand Rounds Presentation to the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT. Presentation, Presented, 11/19/2020.
  • Smith, W.A., “Men of Color Summit,” invited discussant, Salt Lake Community College, Salt Lake City, Utah, October 25, 2018. Other, Presented, 10/25/2018.
  • Smith, William A., (Panelist) (2018, September). “Race & Inclusion Issues in NCAA schools.” NCAA 1A FAR/AD Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. Presentation, Presented, 09/2018.
  • Burt, B.A., Williams, K., & Smith, W.A. (2018, August). Of perseverance and triumph: Adaptive strengths and Black male persistence in engineering graduate programs. Research paper presented at the annual meeting of the World Educational Research Association (WERA), Cape Town, South Africa. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 08/2018.
  • William A. Smith (2018) Contested testimony: Black LDS members and Coping with racism. 2018 Black, White, & Mormon II, Salt Lake City, UT. Conference Paper, Presented, 06/30/2018.
  • Smith, W. A., Brian A. Burt, & Krystal L. Williams, “Defining the current and constant state of Racial Battle Fatigue in Education,” The Phillipe Matthews Show, (Monday, June 8, 2018), Available at: https://youtu.be/sZuWuyPMBtQ. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 06/08/2018.
    https://youtu.be/sZuWuyPMBtQ
  • Smith, W. A., “What are the long-term effects of offensive racist mechanisms?: Racial battle fatigue across the lifespan of African Americans,” paper presented at the 2018 Critical Inquiry Penny Lecture, Department of Global and Intercultural Studies, Miami University of Ohio, April 9, 2018. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 04/09/2018.
  • Burt, B.A., Williams, K., & Smith, W.A. (2018, April). Critical contexts and relationships that threaten Black men’s persistence in engineering graduate programs. Research paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association (AERA), New York, NY. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/2018.
  • Smith, William A., (Panelist) (2017, November). ““Me, Myself, and I-dentity’: Reconciling Critiques of Insider Research.” Annual meeting of the Association for the Study of Higher Education, Houston, Texas. Conference Paper, Refereed, Accepted, 09/04/2017.
  • Smith, W. A., “They are Ours and We are Theirs,” invited keynote presentation to the annual meeting of the Utah African American History and Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah, July 15, 2017. Conference Paper, Presented, 07/15/2017.
  • Hung, M., Smith, W.A., Voss, M.W., Franklin, J.D., Gu, Y., Bounsanga, J. (2017, April 28). Exploring student achievement gaps in school districts across America, Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Antonio, TX. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/28/2017.
    http://www.aera.net/Portals/38/docs/Annual_Meeting...
  • Smith, W.A. (2016, October 7). Coping with Racial Battle Fatigue in Higher Education: Challenges and Strategies for Black Males in the 21st Century, Paper presented at the 5th Annual International Colloquium on Black Males in Education, Southampton, Bermuda, in the Contemporary Racism and Black Males in Higher Education Challenges and Strategies for the 21st Century session. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 10/07/2016.
  • Smith, W.A., (College Retreat Facilitator). “Understanding and Preventing Racial Microaggressions.” College of Social Work Faculty Retreat, September 12, 2016. Presentation, Presented, 09/12/2016.
  • Smith, W. A., Bishop, J., Jones, C., Curry, T. J., & Allen, Walter R. (2016, April). Reducing Hypersurveillance of African American Males in the Community. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Washington, DC., in the Public Scholarship to Foster Positive Intercultural Relations symposium. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/11/2016.
    https://convention2.allacademic.com/one/aera/aera1...
  • Smith, W.A., (Guest Lecturer). “Racial battle fatigue and the MisEducation of Black Men: Racial microaggressions, societal problems and environmental stress.” In Professor Dolores Calderon’s Diversity Scholars class, Spring 2016 (March 31st) class. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 03/31/2016.
  • Smith, W. A., “Developing the Gift in African American Male Leaders,” speaker for the Salt Lake Community College, African American/African College Day Conference. Salt Lake City, UT, February 19, 2016. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 02/19/2016.
  • Smith, W. A., “The Racial Crisis in American Higher Education,’ 7th Annual Diversity Conference, "So You Think You're Color Blind?: Questioning Interpersonal, Institutional and Structural Systems of Racial Oppression." Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, February 5, 2016. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 02/05/2016.
  • Smith, W. A., Bishop, J., Jones, C., Curry, T. J., & Allen, Walter R. (2016, April). Reducing Hypersurveillance of African American Males in the Community. Paper accepted for presentation at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Washington, DC., in the Public Scholarship to Foster Positive Intercultural Relations symposium. Conference Paper, Refereed, Accepted, 12/29/2015.
  • Smith, W. A., “Overriding Forms of Implicit Racial Biases in Our Lives,” speaker for the Salt Lake Community College, President’s Leadership Institute. Salt Lake City, UT, December 2, 2015. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 12/02/2015.
  • Smith, W. A., Allen, Walter R., Jones, C., & Bishop, J. (2015, November). "You make me wanna holler and throw up both my hands!”: Campus culture, black misandric microaggressions, and racial battle fatigue. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Studies Association, San Antonio. TX. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 11/11/2015.
  • Smith, W. A., “Understanding Racial Battle Fatigue in Communities of Color,” Race Workshop. Duke University, Durham, NC, November 10, 2015. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 11/10/2015.
  • Smith, William A. (2015, November 05). Obama’s Obstacles to Educational Change: Race, Racism, and Reform. Paper presented at the Annual meeting of the Association for the Study of Higher Education, Denver, CO., in the Politics of Identity Post-Obama: Obstacles to Access and Challenging Inequality in Higher Education. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 11/05/2015.
  • Smith, W. A., “Understanding Racial Microaggressions and Mundane Extreme Environmental Stress for Students of Color,” 17th Annual Diversity Conference, "So You Think You're Color Blind?: Questioning Interpersonal, Institutional and Structural Systems of Racial Oppression." Weber State University, Ogden, Utah, October 9, 2015. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 10/09/2015.
  • Smith, W. A., “Recognizing and Reducing Racial Microaggressions on Campus and in Classrooms,” speaker for the Salt Lake Community College, Bruin Talks. Salt Lake City, UT, September 30, 2015. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 09/30/2015.
  • Smith, W. A., Allen, Walter R., Jones, C., & Bishop, J. (2015, August). "You make me wanna holler and throw up both my hands!”: Campus culture, black misandric microaggressions, and racial battle fatigue. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association of Black Sociologists, Chicago, IL. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 08/13/2015.
  • Smith, W.A., Franklin, J.D., & Hung, M. (2015, April). The Impact of Racial Microaggressions Across Educational Attainment for African Americans. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/18/2015.
    https://convention2.allacademic.com/one/aera/aera1...
  • Smith, W. A., “Y’all Gon’ Make Me Lose My Mind Up In Here!” Understanding Racial Microaggressions and Racial Battle Fatigue in Communities of Color,” invited speaker to the Educational Psychology Departent’s Learning Sciences class, March 6, 2015. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 03/06/2015.
  • Smith, W. A., “Y’all Gon’ Make Me Lose My Mind Up In Here!” Understanding the Cost of Racial Microaggressions and Racial Battle Fatigue for People of Color,” keynote speaker at the Metro New York and Southern Connecticut Higher Education Recruitment Consortium (MNYSC HERC), “Diversity in Higher Education” Conference. New York University, June 3, 2014. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 06/03/2014.
  • Smith, W.A., *Hung, M., & **Franklin, J.D. (2014, April 7). Influence of School Racial Composition on Academic Achievement in Math. Roundtable presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Philadelphia, PA. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/07/2014.
  • Smith, W.A., Tang, P., Hung, M., Hon, S., & Franklin, J.D. (2013, April 30). Initial Development of a Racial Battle Fatigue Scale. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/30/2013.
    https://convention2.allacademic.com/one/aera/aera1...
  • Smith, W. A. (2012). Fighting a Never-Ending Battle: Microaggressions in the Lives of Graduate Students. Presentation at the Association for the Study of Higher Education, Las Vegas, NV. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 11/2012.
  • Smith, W.A., *Hung, M., & **Franklin, J.D. (2010, August). The Audacity of Hopelessness: Black Men and Mundane Extreme Environmental Stress. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association of Black Sociologists, Atlanta, Georgia. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 08/13/2010.
  • Smith, W.A. (with Man Hung) (2008, November). Fifth Grade Failure Syndrome?: The Impact of Mathematic Achievement and African American Enrollment Patterns. Paper presented at the annual Utah Education Policy Center Forum, Salt Lake City, Utah. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 11/14/2008.
  • Smith, W.A. (with Man Hung) (2008, July). Racial Battle Fatigue: The Influence of MEES, Racial Microaggressions, Societal Problems & Educational Achievement Across the Lives of Black Men. Paper presented at the Annual meeting of the Association of Black Sociologists, San Francisco, CA. (Refereed). Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 07/31/2008.
  • Smith, W.A. (with Man Hung) (2008, July). Racial Battle Fatigue: The Influence of MEES, Racial Microaggressions, Societal Problems & Educational Achievement Across the Lives of Black Men. Paper presented at the Annual meeting of the Association of Black Sociologists, San Francisco, CA. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 07/25/2008.
  • Smith, William A. (Chair/Discussant) (2008, April). (participants: Lewis, Amanda, Forman, Tyrone). Post Civil Rights Racism: Rejecting the Status Quo, Loyola University, April 1, 2008. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 04/01/2008.

Research Groups

  • Racial Battle Fatigue Research Group, Research Professor. Education, Culture, and Society. 09/01/2016 - present.

Geographical Regions of Interest

  • United States of America