Research Statement

Research Philosophy

In general, my original research contributions combine the issues I care about with the research methods I have learned and want to continue to master. My systematic review publications often serve as the groundwork for future original research proposals because and my commentary/viewpoint submissions focus on areas I want the research community to commit more resources in solving. My research philosophy has evolved over the past six years to cover three overlapping areas: 1) Economics, 2) Engagement, and 3) Education (The 3 E’s).

Economics

My primary research interest and reason for leaving the private sector in 2013 was to develop the tools necessary to conduct quantitative research in the field of pharmacoeconomics. In 2012, as a retail pharmacy manager, I published an educational paper for US Pharmacist to help explain some of the complexities of drug pricing to a broad audience.1 As I began to explore the field of pharmacoeconomics in more depth, I felt a strong urge to learn more. This led me to the University of Maryland and the opportunity to train and learn from C. Daniel Mullins, who has built a substantial career in the field. Over the past five years I have developed the skills to lead a team through systematic reviews on cost-related topics,2,3 construct cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) through a variety of methods (including regression-based design using real world data and modeling using Bayesian techniques),4,5 and the ability to apply economic methods to non-drug pricing issues such as rising student debt or pharmacy technician wages.6–8 While CEA will remain a component of my work, I plan to contribute to methods and best practices for health technology value assessments around the world by expanding on work incorporating the patient voice to inform all aspects of value assessment framework development. We have demonstrated in the area of Hepatitis C treatment that patient values may not always align with existing economic models and have proposed new methods to make CEAs more patient-centered.9,10

Engagement

My engagement work has been focused on advancing health equity by working with community leaders to build and maintain trust. Most recently, we received significant research funding from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) to advance community trust to advance health equity research specifically for COVID-19 using a conceptual framework that was co-developed with our community partners.

Education

Finally, I am in the process of completing an internally funded pilot study involving in-depth interviews with current pharmacy students and graduates in their first five years of practice to explore the relationship between student debt and burnout. I submitted an R03 application to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) that was recently reviewed and not funded, but based on the reviewer comments and my pilot work I aim to revise as an R01 for Cycle 3 2022. In 2019, the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) published a report on clinician burnout identifying higher levels of student debt among potential mediating factors contributing to burnout and well-being.11 I posit that the current financing of medical education creates an environment where a majority of new practitioners saddled with substantial educational debt are at risk for excessive workloads, burnout, and clinical errors.12,13 If given the opportunity to join the University of Kentucky College of Medicine, I would like to lead this research through a collaboration with medicine, dentistry, nursing, and pharmacy.

Based on this work, I would like to work with multiple stakeholders to establish future public-private partnerships between our university and for-profit businesses to assess well-being on important business outcomes (e.g., turnover, productivity, quality of service) and to provide solutions for our partners through education, training, and consulting. I believe I am uniquely positioned as a “business-leader-turned-health-economist” who can connect these dots. As we work to demonstrate the business case for improved clinician well-being for systems, we will be able to garner more funding opportunities and have a larger impact on system change.

References

1.        Mattingly II TJ. Understanding Drug Pricing. U.S. Pharmacist. https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/understanding-drug-pricing. Published June 20, 2012.

2.        Mattingly TJ, Fulton A, Lumish RA, et al. The Cost of Self-Reported Penicillin Allergy: A Systematic Review. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018;6(5):1649-1654. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2017.12.033

3.        Mattingly II TJ, Perfetto EM, Johnson SL. Engaging hepatitis C infected patients in cost-effectiveness analyses: A literature review. Hepatology. August 23, 2018:774-781.

4.        Mattingly II T, Slejko JF, Mullins CD. Hepatitis C Treatment Regimens Are Cost-Effective: But Compared With What? Ann Pharmacother. 2017;51(11):961-969. doi:10.1177/1060028017722007

5.        Mattingly II TJ, Meninger S, Heil EL. Penicillin skin testing in methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: A cost-effectiveness analysis. PLoS One. 2019;14(1):e0210271. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210271

6.        Mattingly II TJ, Ulbrich TR. Evaluating the changing financial burdens for graduating pharmacists. Am J Pharm Educ. 2017;81(7):Article 5990. doi:10.5688/ajpe8175990

7.        Mattingly AN, Mattingly II TJ. Regulatory burden and salary for pharmacy technicians in the United States. Res Soc Adm Pharm. 2019;15(5):623-626. doi:10.1016/J.SAPHARM.2018.07.009

8.        Urick BY, Mattingly II TJ, Mattingly AN. Relationship between regulatory barriers to entry and pharmacy technician wages. Res Soc Adm Pharm. 2019;16(2):190-194. doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.05.003

9.        Mattingly II TJ, Slejko JF, Perfetto EM, Kottilil S, Mullins CD. What Matters Most for Treatment Decisions in Hepatitis C: Effectiveness, Costs, and Altruism. Patient. 2019;12(6):631-638. doi:10.1007/s40271-019-00378-7

10.      Mattingly II TJ, Slejko JF, Onukwugha E, Perfetto EM, Kottilil S, Mullins CD. Value in Hepatitis C Virus Treatment: A Patient-Centered Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. Pharmacoeconomics. 2020;38(2):233-242. doi:10.1007/s40273-019-00864-8

11.      Medicine NA of, National Academies of Sciences and Medicine E. Taking Action Against Clinician Burnout: A Systems Approach to Professional Well-Being. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2019. doi:10.17226/25521

12.      Larson AR, Jagsi R, Moeschler SM, Silver JK. Association of Compensation and Educational Debt with Burnout and Perceived Impact of Debt on Women Physicians’ Career and Lifestyle Choices. Heal Equity. 2021;4(1):565-570. doi:10.1089/heq.2020.0048

13.      Marrast LM, Zallman L, Woolhandler S, Bor DH, McCormick D. Minority Physicians’ Role in the Care of Underserved Patients: Diversifying the Physician Workforce May Be Key in Addressing Health Disparities. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(2):289-291. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.12188.Author


 

 

Research Keywords

  • Pharmacoeconomics
  • Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
  • Health Economics
  • Health Care Policy/Health Services Research

Presentations

  • Invited speaker on Pharmacy Benefit Manager (PBM) policy reforms for the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) Annual Insurance Summit. Kansas City, Missouri. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 09/14/2023.
  • Invited panelist to present drug price myths and Pharmacy Benefit Manager (PBM) policy proposal implications for the National Conference of Insurance Legislators (NCOIL). Minneapolis, Minnesota. Panel, Presented, 07/20/2023.
  • Invited panelist for discussion on value assessment for the 2021 Arthritis Healthcare Forum in Washington, DC. Panel, Presented, 12/07/2021.
  • Understanding the Nuances of Drug Pricing. 21st Annual Market Access Summit, October 6, 2021. More information available at: https://www.marketaccesscanada.ca/speakers/joey- mattingly/. Presentation, Presented, 10/06/2021.
  • Understanding the ABCs of Drug Pricing. International webinar sponsored by Wolters Kluwer and hosted by Xtelligent Healthcare on April 22, 2021. More information available at: https://reg.xtelligentmedia.com/2021-4-22WoltersKluwerWebcast. Presentation, Presented, 04/22/2021.
  • Invited lecturer on innovation and entrepreneurship for faculty of Touro College of Pharmacy, webinar format. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 04/15/2021.
  • Alternative payment strategy. Indiana Pharmacists Association virtual meeting. Presentation, Presented, 04/01/2021.
  • Reflections from Stakeholders: What’s Possible? National Health Council and National Alliance of Healthcare Purchaser Coalitions Patient and Employer Roundtable on Value Assessment. Presentation, Presented, 12/13/2020.
  • Navigating the Pricing and Reimbursement Environment with Memorial Sloan, CEVR, and PAVE. 8th Annual Chief Medical Officer Summit, virtual panel. Panel, Presented, 10/26/2020.
  • Including the perspectives of patients in value assessments. Society for Medical Decision Making 42nd Annual Meeting. Presentation, Presented, 10/20/2020.
  • Utilization and Spending Impact of Prescription Drug Coupons in Massachusetts. AcademyHealth 2020 Annual Research Meeting, Boston, MA. Presentation, Presented, 06/16/2020.
  • Understanding Drug Pricing Around the Globe. International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Student Network Educational Webinar. Presentation, Presented, 04/08/2020.
  • Rare Access Forum Panel hosted by Haystack Project and Rare Cancer Policy Coalition. Washington, DC. Panel, Presented, 02/25/2020.

Grants, Contracts & Research Gifts

  • Behavioral symptoms of dementia and psychotropics use during the COVID-19. PI: Mattingly II TJ. Alzheimer’s Association, 09/01/2023 - 08/31/2025. Total project budget to date: $148,993.00
  • PRedicting Operational Sustainability and Patient- and pharmacist-level Effects for Retail pharmacies (PROSPER). PI: Anderson. ALSAM Foundation, 07/01/2023 - 06/30/2025. Total project budget to date: $150,000.00
  • Medical and Pharmacy Student Perceptions of a “First-Year-Free” Tuition Model. PI: Mattingly II TJ. 1U4U (Internal Award), 07/01/2023 - 06/30/2024. Total project budget to date: $30,000.00
  • “COMmunity Mistrust and Institutional Trustworthiness to advance health EQuity research (COMMIT-EQ)”. PI: Mattingly. Co-PI(s): Baquet. US Food and Drug Administration, 04/01/2022 - 08/31/2023. Total project budget to date: $1,000,000.00
  • “COmmunity Mistrust and Measures of Institutional Trustworthiness (COMMIT)”. PI: Mullins. Co-PI(s): Mattingly. National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, 01/01/2022 - 12/31/2023. Total project budget to date: $1,196,222.00
  • Understanding and Enhancing Diversity in Patient Engagement Activities for FDA CBER-Regulated Therapeutics. PI: Polli. Food and Drug Administration (U01FD005946-05S2), 01/01/2021 - 06/30/2022. Total project budget to date: $225,000.00
  • #IDatHome: A Virtual Conference for Infectious Diseases-Focused Patient-Centered Outcomes Research. PI: Mattingly II TJ. PCORI Eugene Washington Engagement Award, 12/01/2020 - 11/30/2021. Total project budget to date: $99,244.00
  • Resolve to Save Lives: Pharmacy Workforce Impact in India. PI: Appel. Vital Strategies Foundation, 10/01/2020 - 06/30/2022. Total project budget to date: $34,567.00
  • Is there a relationship between health literacy and patient preferences? A pilot study among breast cancer patients. PI: Perfetto. Merck Investigator Initiated Study, 07/02/2020 - 01/01/2022. Total project budget to date: $157,382.00
  • Patient-Driven Priorities for the Management of Treatment-Resistant Depression. PI: dosReis. Innovation Value Institute, 07/01/2020 - 12/31/2021. Total project budget to date: $87,580.00
  • Evidence Quality in Economic Evaluations. PI: dosReis. PhRMA, 07/01/2020 - 06/30/2021. Total project budget to date: $43,143.00
  • Engaging Caregivers to Understand Different Contextual Factors Related to Supporting a Child Treated for a Diaphyseal Femur Fracture. PI: Mattingly II TJ. Subcontract award from Children’s National, 07/01/2020 - 12/31/2020. Total project budget to date: $27,223.00
  • Epicenters for the Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs). PI: A Harris. CDC National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (5U01CK000556-02), 06/01/2020 - 05/31/2021. Total project budget to date: $899,756.00
  • Delphi Panel to Engage Patients on the Value of Treatment for Food Allergy. PI: Mattingly II TJ. PhRMA, 08/31/2019 - 06/27/2020. Total project budget to date: $102,010.00
  • Resolve to Save Lives: Cardiovascular Health Online Course. PI: Appel. Vital Strategies Foundation, 03/31/2019 - 06/30/2020. Total project budget to date: $25,000.00
  • Center of Excellence Award: Center for Patient-Driven Value Assessment. PI: dosReis. PhRMA Foundation, 01/01/2018 - 12/31/2020. Total project budget to date: $500,000.00

Publications

  • Mattingly II TJ (2024). A Research Framework to Improve Health Disparity Evidence Gaps in Value Assessments. PharmacoEconomics. Published, 01/2024.
  • Holtorf AP & Danyliv A, Krause A, Hanna A, Venable Y, Mattingly II TJ, Huang LY, Pierre M, Silveira Silva A, Walsh D (2023). Ethical and legal considerations in social media research for health technology assessment: conclusions from a scoping review. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. Published, 10/16/2023.
  • Holtorf AP & Danyliv A, Huang LY, Venable Y, Hanna A, Krause A, Pierre M, Walsh D, Silveira Silva A, Lee SH, Mattingly II TJ (2023). Using social media research in health technology assessment: stakeholder perspectives and scoping review. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. Published, 09/21/2023.
  • Mattingly II TJ. (2023). Who Owns This Nursing Home? The Role of Private Equity in Long-Term Care. Public Policy & Aging Report. Published, 04/27/2023.
  • Mattingly II TJ (2023). Death, Taxes, and Tuition Increases. Am J Pharm Educ. Published, 03/2023.
  • Blakely ML & Chahine E, Emmons R, Gorman E, Astle K, Martello JL, Mattingly II TJ, Nogid A, Pick A, Law Anandi V (2023). Report of the 2020-2021 AACP Faculty Affairs Standing Committee: Best Practices for Faculty Self-Advocacy. Am J Pharm Educ. Published, 01/2023.
  • Huffman MK* & McGirt D*, Patil D*, Mattingly II TJ (2023). Exploring pharmacy student experiences with student debt, burnout, and loan relief. Am J Pharm Educ. Published, 01/2023.
  • Anderson K & DiStefano M, Liu A, Mattingly II TJ, Socal M, Anderson G (2023). Incorporating Added Therapeutic Benefit and Domestic Reference Pricing into Medicare Payment for Expensive Part B Drugs. Value in Health. Published, 01/2023.
  • Dusetzina SB & Besaw RJ, Whitmore CC, Mattingly II TJ, Sinaiko AD, Keating NL, Everson J (2023). Cost- Related Medication Nonadherence and Desire for Medication Cost Information Among Adults Aged 65 and Older in the United States in 2022. JAMA Network Open. Published, 01/2023.
  • Mattingly II TJ. (2023). Interpreting 340B contract pharmacy growth: who really benefits?. Health Affairs Scholar. Published, 01/2023.
  • Mattingly II TJ & Everson J, Besaw RJ, Whitmore CC, Henderson SC, Dusetzina SB (2023). ‘Worth It If You Could Afford It’: Patient Perspectives on Integrating Real-Time Benefit Tools into Drug Cost Conversations. J Am Geriatr Soc. Published, 01/2023.
  • Mattingly II TJ. & Anderson GF, Levy JF (2023). Comparison of Price Index Methods and Drug Price Inflation Estimates for Hepatitis C Virus Medications. JAMA Health Forum. Published, 01/2023.
  • Mattingly II TJ. & Ben-Umeh KC, Bai G, Anderson GF. (2023). Pharmacy Benefit Manager Pricing and Spread Pricing for High-Utilization Generic Drugs. JAMA Health Forum. Published, 01/2023.
  • Oehrlein EM & Schoch S, Burcu M, McBeth J, Bright J, Pashos CL, Willke R, Love TR, Mattingly II TJ, Perfetto EM (2023). Developing Patient-Centered Real-World Evidence: Emerging Methods Recommendations From a Consensus Process. Value in Health. Published, 01/2023.
  • Owens JA & Mattingly II TJ, Foote JD, Okoye GE, Nguyen VAT, Pribil SL, Lilly FRW (2023). Donations wanted: Assessing online medical crowdfunding campaigns created for dementia care. J Am Geriatr Soc. Published, 01/2023.
  • Xue P & Zisman E, Patel P, Jakhete N, Sakiani S, Mattingly II TJ, Shetty K (2023). A Description of Resource Utilization and Costs in Acute on Chronic Liver Failure. Progress in Transplantation. Progress in Transplantation. Published, 01/2023.
  • Mattingly II TJ & Lewis M, Socal MP, Bai G (2022). State-level policy efforts to regulate pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs). Res Social Adm Pharm. Published, 11/2022.
  • Everson J & Whitmore C, Mattingly II TJ, Sinaiko A, Dusetzina S (2022). Physician Perspectives on Implementation of Real-Time Benefit Tools: A Qualitative Study. Appl Clin Inform. Published, 09/19/2022.
  • Mattingly II TJ & Conti RM (2022). American must consider paying more for essential drugs to ensure their high quality and resilient supply. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. Published, 01/2022.
  • Mattingly II TJ & Fernandez VD, Seo D, Melgar Castillo AI (2022). A review of caregiver costs included in cost-of-illness studies. Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research. Published, 01/2022.
  • Mattingly II TJ & Shetty K (2022). The economics of advanced and unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer. Published, 01/2022.
  • Mattingly AN & Mattingly II TJ, Phan AL, Negash K (2022). Categorization and comparisons of drug recalls for manufacturers and compounders. J Am Pharm Assco. Published, 01/2022.
  • Khokhar B & Weathers S, Mattingly II TJ (2022). Direct-to-consumer advertising and the advancement of the quadruple aim: A narrative review. JACCP: J Am College of Clin Pharm. Published, 01/2022.
  • Mattingly II TJ & Weathers S (2022). Drug Costs in Context: Assessing drug costs in cost-of-illness analyses. Drugs in Context. Published, 01/2022.
  • Mattingly II TJKennedy, Kefauver, And Castro & Kennedy, Kefauver, Castro (2021). A Historical Lesson On The Politics Of Drug Pricing Reform. Health Affairs Forefront. Published, 11/01/2021.
  • Mattingly II TJ & Bai G (2021). Reforming Pharmacy Direct And Indirect Remuneration In The Medicare Part D Program. Health Affairs Forefront. Published, 07/19/2021.