James M Curry portrait
  • Professor, Political Science Department
  • Assistant Professor, Political Science Department

Publications

  • James M. Curry, Frances E. Lee & Robert L. Oldham (2023). On the Congress Beat: How the Structure of News Shapes Coverage of Congressional Action. Political Science Quarterly. Accepted, 12/01/2023.
    https://doi.org/10.1093/psquar/qqae008
  • Roger H. Davidson, Walter J. Oleszek, Frances E. Lee, Eric Schickler & James M. Curry (2023). Congress and its Members, 19th Edition. (pp. 656). SAGE. Published, 10/01/2023.
    https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/congress-and-its-...
  • James M. Curry & Jason M. Roberts (2023). Interpersonal Relationships and Legislative Collaboration in Congress. Legislative Studies Quarterly. Vol. 48(2). Published, 05/01/2023.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/lsq.12381
  • James M. Curry & Frances E. Lee (2022). One Obstacle among Many: The Filibuster and Majority Party Agendas. The Forum. Vol. 19(4). Published, 01/14/2022.
    https://doi.org/10.1515/for-2021-2033
  • James M. Curry & Editors: Gillian Peele, Bruce E. Cain, Jon Herbert, Andrew Wroe (2022). "Congress" in Developments in American Politics. Vol. 9, Springer. Published, 01/01/2022.
    https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-03...
  • James M. Curry & Andrew O. Ballard (2021). Minority Party Capacity in Congress. American Political Science Review. Vol. 115(4), 1388-1405. Published, 11/01/2021.
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055421000381
  • James M. Curry & Frances E. Lee (2021). There’s a Curse in Washington, and the Party in Control Can’t Seem to Shake It. New York Times. Published, 10/13/2021.
    https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/13/opinion/democra...
  • James M. Curry & Christopher P. Donnelly (2021). State Congressional Delegations and the Distribution of Federal Funds. Political Research Quarterly. Vol. 74(3). Published, 09/01/2021.
    https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/106591292...
  • Roger Davidson & Walter Oleszek, Frances E. Lee, Eric Schickler, James M. Curry (2021). Congress and its Members, 18th Edition. (pp. 656 pages). Sage. Published, 09/01/2021.
    https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/congress-and-its-...
  • James M Curry & Frances E. Lee (2021). What’s Really Holding the Democrats Back It’s not the filibuster. The Atlantic. Published, 04/23/2021.
    https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/04/...
  • James M. Curry & Frances E. Lee (2020). Enduring Continuities in Congressional Lawmaking. Congress Reconsidered, 12th Edition. Published, 12/01/2020.
    https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/congress-reconsid...
  • James M. Curry (2020). Unified or divided government? It won’t matter as much as you think for Biden and the Democrats. Niskanen Center. Published, 11/23/2020.
    https://www.niskanencenter.org/unified-or-divided-...
  • James M. Curry & Frances E. Lee (2020). A Senate Majority Is Overrated. (We Checked.). New York Times. Published, 11/18/2020.
    https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/18/opinion/joe-bid...
  • James M. Curry & Frances E. Lee (2020). The Limits of Party: Congress and Lawmaking in a Polarized Era. University of Chicago Press. Published, 09/14/2020.
    https://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chic...
  • James M. Curry (2020). Change and Continuity for Committees in Congress. New Directions in Congressional Politics, 2nd Edition. Published, 04/14/2020.
    https://www.routledge.com/New-Directions-in-Congre...
  • James M Curry & Frances E. Lee (2020). What is Regular Order Worth? Partisan Lawmaking and Congressional Processes. Journal of Politics. Vol. 82(2). Published, 04/01/2020.
    https://doi.org/10.1086/706893
  • James M. Curry & Frances E. Lee (2020). Capacity in a Centralized Congress. Congress Overwhelmed: The Decline in Congressional Capacity and Prospects for Reform. Published, 02/01/2020.
    https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/...
  • James M. Curry (2019). Congressional Processes and Public Approval of New Laws. Political Research Quarterly. Vol. 72(4). Published, 12/02/2019.
    https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1065912918819860
  • James M. Curry (2019). Review of E. Lawrence Evans, The Whips (University of Michigan Press). Congress & the Presidency. Published, 08/19/2019.
    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07343...
  • James M Curry & Frances E. Lee (2019). Congress at Work: Legislative Capacity and Entrepreneurship in the Contemporary Congress. Cambridge University Press, Edited Volume. Published, 06/01/2019.
    https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/can-america-g...
  • James M. Curry (2019). How centralized or decentralized should power be in the House of Representatives?. LegBranch.com. Published, 04/18/2019.
    https://www.legbranch.org/how-centralized-or-decen...
  • James M. Curry (2019). Review of William Bernhard and Tracy Sulkin, Legislative Style (University of Chicago Press) . Vol. 134(1). Political Science Quarterly. Published, 03/21/2019.
    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/p...
  • James M Curry & Frances E. Lee (2019). Non-Party Government: Bipartisan Lawmaking and Party Power in Congress. Perspectives on Politics. Vol. 17(1). Published, 02/01/2019.
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592718002128
  • James M. Curry (2018). Review of Ruth Bloch Rubin, Building the Bloc: Intraparty Organization in the U.S. Congress. Vol. 16. Perspectives on Politics. Published, 12/01/2018.
    https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectiv...
  • James & Matthew Haydon (2018). An older Congress tends to support more policies that benefit older Americans. LSE blog. Published, 06/11/2018.
    https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2018/06/11/an-ol...
  • James M. Curry & Frances E. Lee (2018). What is “regular order” worth?. Legbranch.com. Published, 04/04/2018.
    https://www.legbranch.org/2018-4-2-what-is-regular...
  • James M. Curry & David Karol (2017). Why would Pelosi step down? Parties don’t usually throw out congressional leaders after electoral losses. Washington Post. Published, 06/30/2017.
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp...
  • James M. Curry (2017). Here’s why Senate Republicans are being so secretive with their Obamacare repeal plan. Vox. Published, 06/20/2017.
    https://www.vox.com/mischiefs-of-faction/2017/6/20...
  • James M. Curry (2017). Our Top-Down Congress. Medium. Published, 04/06/2017.
    https://medium.com/@jimcurry/our-top-down-congress...
  • James M. Curry (2017). Why House Republicans are keeping their health care bill secret. Vox. Published, 03/02/2017.
    https://www.vox.com/mischiefs-of-faction/2017/3/2/...
  • James M. Curry (2017). In-Depth Qualitative Research and the Study of American Political Institutions. PS: Political Science & Politics. Vol. 50(1), 114-120. Published, 01/09/2017.
    https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-politic...
  • "Congress is far more bipartisan than headlines suggest." in The Washington Post https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/12/20/congress-is-far-more-bipartisan-than-headlines-suggest/?utm_term=.625d42dcb170. Published, 12/20/2016.
  • Review of Grimmer Justin, Sean J. Westwood, and Solomon Messing, Impression of Influence: Legislator Communication, Representation, and Democratic Accountability (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press) in Perspectives on Politics 14(4), 2016. Published, 12/01/2016.
  • Review of Marc J. Hetherington and Thomas J. Rudolph, Why Washington Won’t Work (Chicago: Chicago University Press) in The Forum 14(3), 2016. Published, 10/01/2016.
  • James M. Curry & Editor Stephen L. Schechter (2016). Congress as a Governing Institution. Vol. American Governance, Macmillan. Published, 02/01/2016.
  • James M Curry, Paul S. Herrnson & Jeffrey A. Taylor (2015). The Impact of District Magnitude on Voter Drop-off and Roll-off in American Elections. Legislative Studies Quarterly. Vol. 40(4), 627–650. Published, 11/01/2015.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/lsq.12091
  • James M Curry (2015). Legislation in the Dark: Information and Power in the House of Representatives. University of Chicago Press. Published, 09/14/2015.
    http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/L...
  • “To Be Effective Legislators, Members of Congress Need Expert Resources of their Own,” Scholar Strategy Network: Key Findings, May 2015. Published, 05/01/2015.
  • Review of Tom Allen, Dangerous Convictions: What’s Really Wrong with the U.S. Congress (New York: Oxford University Press) in Public Integrity 15(4): 93-96. Published, 12/2013.
    http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2753/PIN1099...
  • James M Curry, Paul S. Herrnson & Jeffrey A. Taylor (2013). The Impact of District Magnitude on Campaign Fundraising. Legislative Studies Quarterly. Vol. 38(4), 517–543. Published, 10/22/2013.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/lsq.12026
  • Paul S. Herrnson & Paul S. Herrnson (2011). Issue Voting and Partisan Defection in Congressional Elections. Legislative Studies Quarterly. Vol. 36(2), 281–307. Published, 05/02/2011.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-9162.2011.00014.x
  • Paul S. Herrnson & Editors Lawrence Dodd and Bruce Oppenheimer (2008). Issue Voting in the 2006 Elections for the U.S. House of Representatives. (pp. 97-118). Vol. Congress Reconsidered, CQ Press. Published, 12/2008.

Presentations

  • "On the Congress Beat: How the Structure of News Shapes Coverage of Congressional Action" (w/ Frances E. Lee and Robert Oldham) 2023 APSA Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 09/02/2023.
  • "Party Dynamics in Congressional Negotiations" (w/ Andrew M.O. Ballard) 2023 APSA Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 09/01/2023.
  • "Filibustering in the American States" (w/ Robert L. Oldham) 2023 State Politics and Policy Conference in Pittsburgh, PA. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 05/19/2023.
  • "Making and Breaking Promises: Running for Reelection on Party Campaign Platforms" (w/ Jamie Nelson) 2023 MPSA Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/15/2023.
  • "Separation of Powers Institutions and Majority Party Power in the American States" (w/ Andrew O. Ballard and Mary A. Kroeger) 2023 MPSA Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/14/2023.
  • "Interpersonal Relationships, Lawmaking, and the Sedition Caucus" (w/ Jason M. Roberts) 2023 MPSA Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/14/2023.
  • "Congressional Earmarks and Credit Claiming in a Partisan Era" (w/ Steven Sylvester) 2023 MPSA Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/13/2023.
  • “Unorthodox Lawmaking and the Value of Committee Assignments” (w/ Leah Rosenstiel) Parties in American Legislatures Conference, University of Houston. Conference Paper, Presented, 01/13/2023.
  • “The Next Congress” Invited Talk, Foley Institute, Washington State University. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 10/04/2022.
  • “Minority Party Policy Influence in Congress” (w/ Andrew O. Ballard) 2022 APSA Annual Meeting, Montreal, Canada. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 09/18/2022.
  • “Representational Congruence, Constituency Groups, and Environmental Policy” (w/ Juliet Carlisle and Jerry Stott) 2022 APSA Annual Meeting, Montreal, Canada . Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 09/17/2022.
  • “Unorthodox Lawmaking and the Value of Committee Assignments” (w/ Leah Rosenstiel) 2022 APSA Annual Meeting, Montreal, Canada. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 09/16/2022.
  • “Interpreting American Legislatures” Invited Talk, Princeton University, Qualitative Research Colloquium, Department of Politics. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 04/15/2022.
  • “Committee Comity and Legislative Effectiveness” (w/ Emily M. Cottle and Jason M. Roberts) 2022 MPSA Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL . Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/10/2022.
  • “Policymaking Institutions and Majority Party Power in the States” (w/ Andrew O. Ballard and Mary A. Kroeger) 2022 MPSA Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL . Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/09/2022.
  • “Media (Mis)Perceptions of Congressional Action: Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic” (w/ Frances E. Lee and Robert Oldham) 2022 MPSA Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/08/2022.
  • “Will Earmarks Solve All of Our Problems? Evidence from Two Survey Experiments” (w/ Steven Sylvester) 2022 MPSA Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/08/2022.
  • “Will Earmarks Solve All of Our Problems? Evidence from Two Survey Experiments” (w/ Steven Sylvester) Invited Talk, University of Wisconsin . Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 03/07/2022.
  • “Representational Congruence, Constituency Groups, and Environmental Policy” (w/ Juliet Carlisle and Jerry Stott) 2021 APSA Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 10/02/2021.
  • Tracing Policy in Congress” (w/ Andrew O. Ballard, Mary Kroeger, and Kelsey Shoub) 2021 APSA Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 10/01/2021.
  • “Inter-Personal Relationships and Legislative Action in the U.S. Congress” (w/ Jason Roberts) 2021 MPSA Annual Meeting (Virtual). Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/14/2021.
  • “Inter-personal Relationships and Legislative Action in the U.S. Congress” (w/ Jason Roberts) Understanding Legislative Negotiations Conference, American University (Virtual). Conference Paper, Presented, 04/09/2021.
  • “Minority Party Capacity in Congress” (w/ Andrew Ballard) Invited Talk, Department of Political Science, University of Chicago (Virtual). Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 01/25/2021.
  • “Inter-personal Relationships and Legislative Action in the U.S. Congress” (w/ Jason Roberts) Invited Talk, American University. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 09/21/2020.
  • “Inter-personal Relationships and Legislative Action in the U.S. Congress” (w/ Jason Roberts), 2020 APSA Annual Meeting. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 09/11/2020.
  • “Minority Party Capacity in Congress” (w/ Andrew Ballard), University of Oklahoma, American Politics Workshop. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 06/11/2020.
  • “Party Unity and Minority Party Leverage in U.S. House Agenda Setting” (w/ Andrew Ballard), 2020 SPSA Annual Meeting, San Juan, PR. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 01/09/2020.
  • “In the Dark Legislating and the Congressional Workplace” Conference on the Organizational Climate of Congress University of Maryland, College Park, MD. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 10/24/2019.
  • “Reconsidering Responsible Parties: Majority Party (In)Capacity in a Polarized Congress” (w/ Frances E. Lee), Partisanship Reconsidered: A Conference to Honor David Magleby, BYU, Provo, UT. Conference Paper, Presented, 06/06/2019.
  • “Restrained Majority Party Agenda Control in the U.S. House of Representatives” (w/ Andrew O. Ballard), 2019 MPSA Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/05/2019.
  • “Working Both Sides of the Aisle? State’s Congressional Delegations and the Distribution of Federal Funds” (w/ Christopher P. Donnelly), 2019 MPSA Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/05/2019.
  • “The Limits of Party: Congress and Lawmaking in a Polarized Era,” Invited Talk Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 03/22/2019.
  • “Congressional Organization, Power, and Capacity” Invited Talk, Today’s Challenges to a Functional Congress: Revitalizing Article I, Sponsored by the Seventh Circuit Bar Association Foundation, Chicago, IL. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 03/15/2019.
  • “Giving the Minority Credit: Restrained Majority Party Agenda Control in the House of Representatives” (with Andrew O. Ballard), Winter 2019 NCAPSA American Politics Workshop, College Park, MD. Conference Paper, Presented, 01/07/2019.
  • “The Limits of Party Influence: Congress and Lawmaking” University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Department of Political Science. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 11/16/2018.
  • “Portraying Partisanship? Politicians’ Reactions to Congressional Action in the News Media, 1989-2016,” (with Frances E. Lee) Presented at the 2018 APSA Annual Meeting. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 09/01/2018.
  • “Why Do Majority Parties Fail to Enact their Agendas?” (with Frances E. Lee) Presented at the 2018 Congress and History Conference, Princeton University. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 06/08/2018.
  • “What is Regular Order Worth? Partisan Lawmaking and Congressional Processes,” (with Frances E. Lee) Presented at Legislative Rules & Procedures Conference, University of Georgia. Conference Paper, Presented, 05/18/2018.
  • “What is Regular Order Worth? Partisan Lawmaking and Congressional Processes,” (with Frances E. Lee) Presented at the 2018 MPSA Annual Meeting. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/08/2018.
  • “Capacity in a Centralized Congress,” (with Frances E. Lee) Presented at The State of Congressional Capacity Conference, New America, Washington, DC. Conference Paper, Presented, 03/02/2018.
  • “The Consequences of the Decline of ‘Regular Order’ in Congress,” Invited talk, Duke University Political Science. Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 01/11/2018.
  • “Non-Party Government: Bipartisan Lawmaking and Party Power in Congress” (with Frances E. Lee) Presented at the National Budget Roundtable, Brookings Institution, October 30, 2017 . Invited Talk/Keynote, Presented, 10/30/2017.
  • “Working both Sides of the Aisle? Split-Party Delegations and Effective Representation” (with Chris Donnelly) Presented at the 2017 APSA Annual Meeting, September 2, 2017. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 09/02/2017.
  • “What is Regular Order Worth? Partisan Lawmaking and Congressional Processes” (with Frances E. Lee) Presented at the 2017 APSA Annual Meeting, August 31, 2017 . Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 08/31/2017.
  • “Non-Party Government: Bipartisan Lawmaking and Theories of Party Power in Congress” (with Frances E. Lee) Presented at the 2017 Congress and History Conference, Library of Congress, Washington, DC, June 15, 2017 . Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 06/15/2017.
  • “Self-Executing Rules and Party Leadership Power in the House of Representatives” Presented at the 2017 MPSA Annual Meeting, April 7, 2017. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/07/2017.
  • “Congressional Processes and Public Approval of New Laws” Presented at the 2017 MPSA Annual Meeting, April 7, 2017. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/07/2017.
  • “Congress at Work: Legislative Capacity and Entrepreneurship in the Contemporary Congress” (with Frances E. Lee) Presented at Anxieties of Democracy Working Group on Institutions Conference, Princeton University, October 28-29, 2016. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 10/28/2016.
  • “Knowledge, Expertise, and Committee Power in Congress” Presented at the 2016 MPSA Annual Meeting, April 9, 2016. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/09/2016.
  • “The Impact of District Magnitude on the Legislative Behavior of State Representatives” (with Paul S. Herrnson and Jeffrey A. Taylor) Presented at the 2016 MPSA Annual Meeting, April 8, 2016. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/08/2016.
  • Knowledge, Expertise, and Committee Power in Congress” Presented at the Legislative Studies Virtual Workshop. Conference Paper, Presented, 03/09/2016.
  • "Knowledge, Expertise, and Committee Power in Congress." Presented at the 2015 APSA Annual Meeting. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 09/03/2015.
  • "Lawmaker Age, Issue Salience, and Descriptive Representation in Congress" (w/ Matt Haydon). Presented at the 2015 WPSA Annual Meeting. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/04/2015.
  • "Public Attitudes Toward Congressional Action: Partisanship and Procedure." Presented at the 2015 WPSA Annual Meeting. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/03/2015.
  • "Roundtable: New Voices in Political Ethnography/Participant-Observation." At the 2015 WPSA Annual Meeting. Panel, Presented, 04/03/2015.
  • "Explaining Brinkmanship Standoffs in Congress: Partisan Blame, Action, and Gridlock," Presented at the 2014 APSA Annual Meeting. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 08/2014.
  • “The Impact of Multimember Districts on Legislative Effort and Success” (with Paul S. Herrnson and Jeffrey A. Taylor) Presented at the 2014 MPSA Annual Meeting. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/05/2014.
  • “The Impact of District Magnitude on Voter Drop-off and Roll-off in American Elections.” w/ Paul S. Herrnson and Jeffrey A. Taylor. Presented at the 2014 SPSA Annual Meeting. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 01/09/2014.
  • “Brinkmanship Politics in Congress: Overcoming Gridlock in Times of Polarized Parties.” Presented at the 2013 APSA Annual Meeting and Exhibition. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 08/31/2013.
    http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id...
  • “Bill Complexity and Representation in the U.S. House of Representatives” Presented at the 71 st Annual Meeting of the MPSA. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/13/2013.
  • “Self-Executing Rules: A Leadership Strategy in the House of Representatives.” Presented at the 2012 APSA Annual Meeting and Exhibition; August 31, 2012. Conference Paper, Refereed, Accepted, 04/2012.
    http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id...
  • “The Impact of District Magnitude on Campaign Fundraising.” w/ Paul S. Herrnson and Jeffery A. Taylor. Presented at the 69th Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association; April 1, 2011. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/2011.
  • “Information and Majority Leadership Power in the U.S. House of Representatives.” Presented at the 69th Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association; March 31, 2011. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 03/2011.
  • “Information and Leadership Power in the U.S. House: Information Control as a Leadership Tool.” Presented at the 2011 D.C.-area Graduate Student Conference at Georgetown University; February 18, 2011. Conference Paper, Presented, 02/2011.
  • “I’m Your Puppet: The Changing Role of the House Committee on Rules.” w/ Jill L. Curry. Presented at the 68th Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Associations; April 26, 2010. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 04/2010.
  • “The Hidden Gatekeepers: Early Money and Individual Donors in Congressional Campaigns.” w/ Melissa A. Bell and Kimberly A. Karnes. Presented at the American Political Science Association 2009 Annual Meeting; September 4, 2009. Conference Paper, Refereed, Presented, 09/2009.
  • “The Competing Roles of House Appropriators: Committee Norms, Partisanship, and Members of the House Appropriations Committee.” Presented at the Southern Political Science Association 2009 Annual Meeting; January 10, 2009. Conference Paper, Presented, 01/2009.